Turbulent flow is rough and choppy. Turbulent flow is the opposite of laminar flow, which is straight line flow.
In pipelines, laminar flow occurs when Reynolds number is greater than 4,000.
$latex R_e > 4,000&s=2$
If a stream of dye is inserted into the flow and it disperses and mixes, the flow is turbulent.
When the flow is turbulent, inertial forces dominate.
Flow Types
The opposite of turbulent flow is laminar flow, which occurs at a Reynolds number below 2,100.
Laminar: Re < 2,100
Transition: 2,100 < Re < 4,000
Turbulent: Re > 4,000
Transition: 2,100 < Re < 4,000
Turbulent: Re > 4,000
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